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NRinteractive updated 2004 |
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| W.H.
Gamble |
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| A&T's Dean of Men, 1960 | |
| Warmoth T. Gibbs Sr. Audio |  |
| A&T
president during the sit-ins. During the sit-ins in 1960, city leaders
asked Gibbs to keep students on campus. Gibbs replied, "We teach
our students how to think, not what to think."
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| Roy Graham A&T student involved in protest, 1960 |
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| Rev.
John Hatchett Audio Adviser to some Bennett students at the school's NAACP chapter during the sit-ins. Hatchett believes the original four got the idea for the sit-ins from talks at Bennett. However, the remaining members of the group say this was not the case. |
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| Dr.
Willa B. Player Audio President of Bennett College from 1955 until 1966. She rejected plans by several Bennett College students to stage a sit-in in November 1959 because the Christmas holidays would have interrupted the efforts. |
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Bennett College students who participated
Woman's College students who joined for a day
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| The
Greensboro Four Jibreel Khazan (Ezell Blair Jr.) Franklin Eugene McCain Joseph Alfred McNeil David Leinail Richmond |
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| Gordon Carey | |
| Executive of CORE (Congress of Racial Equality, founded in 1942) in New York | |
| James Farmer Audio |  |
| Former national director of CORE. Farmer and his organization provided encouragement and support for the sit-ins once they got under way, and the group was active in 1963, when A&T and Bennett students again demonstrated against segregation. | |
| Jesse Jackson One of the best-known civil rights leaders in America, he is often incorrectly connected to the sit-ins of 1960. Jackson, then a student at Illinois, transferred to A&T that fall and led a series of demonstrations in 1963 as student body president. |
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| Ralph Johns Audio |  |
| He opened a clothing store on East Market Street, which attracted many A&T students as customers, including the Greensboro Four. He is thought to have encouraged the students to challenge segregation and to have tipped off the press on the first day of the sit-ins at Woolworth. | |
| Dr. George Simkins Jr. Audio |  |
| Longtime civil rights activist and Greensboro dentist, he was president of the local NAACP chapter from 1959 until 1984. In 1955, he and several other black men were arrested for trespassing after they played nine holes at the all-white, municipal Gillespie Park Golf Course. | |
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| Charles O. Bess Audio | |
| Former busboy at Woolworth's. Worked the day of the original sit-ins and throughout the sit-ins at Woolworth. | |
| Rev. Cecil Bishop Audio |  |
| Former chairman of the Greensboro
Human Relations Commission and was active for 15 years in the civil
rights movement. |
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| Ima Edwards Audio | |
| When she retired in 1993 from Woolworth, she was one of only two employees still working at the South Elm store who was there on Feb. 1, 1960. At the time of the sit-ins, Edwards ran the bakery counter. | |
| Clarence L. "Curly" Harris Audio | |
| Manager of the Woolworth Store during the sit-ins. | |
| Dr. Hobart Jarrett | |
| President of Greensboro City Association, 1960 | |
| Ralph Johns Audio | |
| He opened a clothing store on East Market Street, which attracted many A&T students as customers, including the Greensboro Four. He is thought to have encouraged the students to challenge segregation and to have tipped off the press on the first day of the sit-ins at Woolworth. | |
| Boyd Morris | |
| Owned segregated Mayfair Cafeteria on North Elm Street, 1960. Died April 1995. | |
| William A. Thomas Jr. | |
| A&T student and president of the local chapter of Congress for Racial Equality (CORE), 1960 | |
| Geneva Tisdale Audio | |
| Worked at the Woolworth Store from 1951 until 1993 when the closing of the South Elm Street store forced her to retire. By the closing, Tisdale was the only employee left who had been there on Feb. 1, 1960. | |
| Greensboro Council of Church Women | |
| The group that supported the sit-ins was led by President Ruth Hadley Hunt and Vice President Louise Jordan Smith. | |
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| J. Melville Broughton Jr.a | |
| Attorney for N.C. Association of Quality Restaurants. Advised restaurants in 1960 that it's their privilege to refuse service to whomever they chose. | |
| W.O. Conrad | |
| Western Electric executive served as first chairman of Greensboro Human Relations Commission, 1960 | |
| Dr. George Evan | |
| Served as chairman of mayor's Advisory Committee on Human Relations | |
| J. Spencer Love |  |
| Founder of Burlington Mills (now Burlington Industries). He dispatched Ed Zane to work full time at resolving the sit-in disputes | |
| George H. Roach Audio |  |
| Mayor of Greensboro in 1957 through 1961. His two two-year terms came not only during the sit-ins but also at a time when black students first enrolled in two previously all-white schools — at Gillespie Park School and Greensboro Senior High School (now Grimsley). | |
| Edward R. Zane |  |
| A high-ranking executive with Burlington Industries who headed the Mayor's Advisory Committee on Community Relations | |
| Advisory Committee on Human Relations | |
Members:
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| M. Thomas Bell | |
| Constable, 1960 | |
| Paul Calhoun | |
| Police chief in 1960. Died in January 2002. | |
| Capt. William H. Jackson | |
| A former police captain and head of the Greensboro Police Department's detective division, Jackson had a 36-year career that ended in 1976. During that time, he was in charge of the officers who maintained order during the 1963 desegregation demonstrations. William Jackson, who was white, arrested N.C. A&T State University student leader Jesse Jackson, who was black. Jesse Jackson led sit-down protests in the middle of Jefferson Square. Years later, Jesse Jackson would praise Capt. Jackson and other Greensboro police officers for the calm, professional way they treated protesters. No one was hurt during those tense times. | |
| Edmund R. "Edd" Wynn |  |
| A police captain at time of
sit-ins, he served 33 years with Greensboro Police Department, and
as a ranking officer, had the responsibility of keeping the city calm
during the demonstrations. Like Ralph Johns, Wynn discovered Greensboro
when the Army Air Force stationed him here during World War II. Before
that, he lived in New York, where he was a lifeguard, ice skating
instructor, messenger on Wall Street and a firefighter.
While in Greensboro, he met his future wife and decided to settle. He retired as one of the police department's ranking officers in 1983. He ran unsuccessfully for the City Council in 1989. |
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